Sriwijaya Air crash places Indonesia’s aviation safety under fresh spotlight

JAKARTA: Indonesia's poor air safety record is again in the spotlight after a Sriwijaya Air jet carrying 62 people crashed into the Java Sea minutes after take-off on Saturday (Jan 9), marking the country's third major airline crash in just over six years.

There has been no word of any survivors.

Before the crash, there had been 697 fatalities in Indonesia over the last decade including military and private planes, making it the deadliest aviation market in the world - ahead of Russia, Iran and Pakistan - according to Aviation Safety Network's database.

The crash of the Sriwijaya flight, operated by a Boeing 737-500, follows the loss of a Lion Air 737 MAX in October 2018, which contributed to a global grounding of the model.

The Lion Air crash, which killed 189 people, was an outlier in that it mainly revealed fundamental issues with the plane model and triggered a worldwide safety crisis for Boeing. Even excluding the deaths from that crash, Indonesia would rank above Russia if there are no survivors from Saturday's crash.

Indonesia, an archipelago of thousands of islands, is highly dependent on air travel and its safety issues illustrate the challenge relatively new carriers face as they try to keep pace with unstoppable demand for air travel in developing nations while striving for standards that mature markets took decades to reach.

From 2007 to 2018, the European Union banned Indonesian airlines following a series of crashes and reports of deteriorating oversight and maintenance. The United States lowered its Indonesia safety evaluation to Category 2, meaning its regulatory system was inadequate, between 2007 and 2016.

Indonesia's air safety record has improved in recent years, receiving a favourable evaluation by the United Nations aviation agency in 2018. But in a country with a large death toll from vehicle and ferry accidents, the safety culture is battling against a mindset that makes it inevitable for some crashes to occur, experts said.

Saturday's "crash has nothing to do with the MAX, but Boeing would do well to guide Indonesia - which has a chequered air safety record - to restore confidence in its aviation industry," said Shukor Yusof, the head of Malaysia-based aviation consultancy Endau Analytics.

Authorities located the Sriwijaya jet's flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder on Sunday but experts said it was too early to determine the factors responsible for the crash of the nearly 27-year-old plane.

The flight took off from Jakarta's Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, the same airport from which the Lion Air jet took off and soon crashed into the sea. The Sriwijaya jet climbed to 10,900ft within four minutes but then began a steep descent and stopped transmitting data 21 seconds later, according to tracking website FlightRadar24.

"There has been a lot of noise made about the speed of its final descent," said Geoff Dell, an air accident investigation expert based in Australia. "It is indicative of what happened but why it happened is still in many ways a guess really. There are multiple ways you can get an aeroplane to go down at that pace."

He said investigators would look into factors including mechanical failure, pilot actions, maintenance records, weather conditions and whether there was any unlawful interference with the plane. Most air accidents are caused by a combination of factors that can take months to establish.

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VARIOUS FACTORS UNDER SCRUTINY

Sriwijaya's operating record will also be placed under scrutiny.

"Its safety record has been mixed," said Greg Waldron, Asia managing editor at industry publication FlightGlobal. He said the airline had written off four 737s between 2008 and 2017 due to bad landings that resulted in runway overruns, including one in 2008 that led to one death and 14 injuries.

The airline in late 2019 ended a year-long partnership with national carrier Garuda Indonesia and had been operating independently.

Just before ending the pact, more than half of Sriwijaya's fleet had been grounded by the Transportation Ministry due to airworthiness concerns, according to media reports at the time.

Sriwijaya did not respond immediately to a request for comment. The airline's chief executive said on Saturday the plane that crashed was in good condition.

Like other Indonesian carriers, Sriwijaya had slashed its flight schedule during the COVID-19 pandemic, which experts said will be examined as part of the investigation.

"The challenges that the pandemic brings impacts aviation safety," said Chappy Hakim, an Indonesian aviation analyst and former air force official. "For instance, pilots/technicians were downsized, salaries not paid in full, planes are grounded."

Indonesia's National Transport Safety Committee (KNKT) Chief Soerjanto Tjahjono confirmed that his agency has identified the location of the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR) from a Sriwijaya Air passenger jet that lost contact with air traffic controllers on Saturday Jan. 9 shortly after taking off.

In a statement published to its Facebook page, Sriwijaya Air said that the Flight SJ-182 was taking off from Jakarta's Soekarno-Hatta International Airport headed to the city of Pontianak when it disappeared from controller radar surveillance. There were a total of 62 passengers and flight crew onboard according to the airline's statement.

"The plane was manned by 6 active crew, and carried 40 adult passengers, seven children and three babies. In addition, there were also six crew members as passengers (extra crew). Sriwijaya Air expressed its concern and deep condolences to all the families of the passengers and crew on the SJ-182 flight. We will continue to provide full support and assistance for the SJ-182 passenger families during the evacuation and identification process," the airline said in the statement.

The aircraft lost contact with controllers at 2:40 p.m. local time (2:40 a.m. ET), 11 nautical miles north of Jakarta's Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, according to data about the flight captured by flight tracking web service Flightradar24. According to Flightradar24, the aircraft was a Boeing 737-500 that climbed to an altitude of 10,900 feet and then began a steep descent before losing contact with controllers and the last position reporting data putting the aircraft 250 feet above sea level.

While Tjahjono said the location of the CVR and FDR have been identified, CNN’s latest reporting on the accident investigation includes statements from the head of Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Commission stating that they have located two different locations for the recorders. Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Marshal Hadi Tjahjanto, said that they are "receiving two signals from the black box and are continuing to monitor it,” according to the report.

“We are aware of media reports from Jakarta regarding Sriwijaya Air flight SJ-182. Our thoughts are with the crew, passengers, and their families,” Boeing said in a Jan. 9 media statement. “We are in contact with our airline customer and stand ready to support them during this difficult time.”

According to Srwijaya Air’s website, the airline is the third largest in Indonesia and prior to the impact of COVID-19 was transporting more than 950,000 passengers a month to 53 destinations across four different countries. Flightradar24 registration information about the SJ-182 aircraft showed that it originally entered into service with Continental Airlines in 1994, before being first delivered to Srwijaya Air in 2012.

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